Be it the private sector or the public, experts point out two major flaws that limit improvements in education standards.

Household involvement: Most government teachers and officials adopt the rhetoric that with illiterate and ignorant parents who cannot distinguish between good schools and bad, education cannot improve.

`The roadmap does not take parents into account and remains top down instead of bottom up,` pointed out one education expert.

Similar attitudes can be found in private schools. But Prof Andrabi and others` research has found that parents very much have the ability to accurately distinguish between good schools and bad. `This is not true at all, we have lot of education awareness and everyone wants to educate their kids,` he stated. So parents have to be made an important part of the equation for transformation in education to take place.

Teachers: `We all accept that teachers are the basic unit of an education system,` said Mr Rasheed, but pointed out that nowhere in the education sector, be it public or private, have they been prioritized in the right manner.

`Teacher training depends on the quality of training and can only go so far. But no one mentions the very colleges that are preparing the teachers. Do they have a strong foundation in general education to be able to benefit from teacher training?` he asked.