PARIS: When Russia`s President Vladimir Putin ordered the invasion of Ukraine on Feb 24, 2022, he started a war that has killed tens of thousands of people, ravaged cities, and pummelled the country`s economy.

A year on, here is the cost of the conflict: Military losses According to the latest estimates from Norway, the conflict has wounded or killed 180,000 Russian soldiers and 100,000 Ukrainian troops. Other Western sources estimate the war has caused 150,000 casualties on each side. In comparison, some 15,000 Soviet soldierswere killed in a whole decade of fighting in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989.

Kyiv said at least 20,000 Ukrainian civilians had been killed.

In total, some 30,000 to 40,000 civilians have lost their lives nationwide in the conflict, Western sources say.

Civilian losses In late January, the United Nations estimated that 18,000 civilians had been killed or wounded in the fighting, but said the real figure was likely much higher. Kyiv said at least 20,000 Ukrainian civilians had been killed.

In total, some 30,000 to 40,000 civillans have lost their lives nationwidein the conflict, Western sources say.

War crimes Around 65,000 suspected war crimes have been reported throughout the war, the European Union`s justice commissioner Didier Reynders says. UN investigators have accused Russia of committing war crimes on a `massive scale` in Ukraine bombings, executions, torture and horrific sexual violence.

Kyiv alleges Moscow has forcibly deported more than 16,000 children to Russia or areas controlled by Moscow-backed separatists.

1,500-km frontline The `active` frontline runs northto south along 1,500 km of territory, according to Valery Zaluzhny, the commander in chief of Ukraine`s armed forces.

Moscow`s troops occupy almost a fifth of Ukraine, according to figures from the US-based Institute for the Study of War. But Zaluzhny says Ukrainian forces have managed to wrest back some 40 percent of territory occupied after the invasion last year.

Battered economy Homes, businesses and factories have been ravaged. Nationwide, Russia has repeatedly targeted key energy infrastructure in recent months, causing blackouts and leav-ing millions without heating this winter. The World Bank in October said it expected the country`s economy to contract by 35 per cent in 2022. The Kyiv School of Economics in January estimated it would cost $138 billion to replace all the infrastructure ravaged by war.

Millions of refugees More than eight million Ukrainians have been forced to flee Ukraine since the war broke out, the UN refugee agency says, the largest refugee crisis in Europe since World War IL Neighbouring Poland hosts the largest share of these refugees, with more than 1.5 million of them. More than five mil-lion people have been displaced inside the country.

Moscow says another five million people have sought refuge in Russia, though Kyiv has accused the Russians of conducting `forced evacuations`.

Western military aid Kyiv`s allies had pledged more than 37 billion euros ($40 billion) in military aid, according to the Kiel Institute for the World Economy. That figure does not include the latest announcements in January that the United States, Canada and several European countries will send Ukraine modern battle tanks.-AFP