IN response to the growing threat of fake news, several countries have enacted strict laws and penalties aimed at curbing the spread of misinformation and disinformation. These laws vary widely depending on the region, reflecting differing political environments, cultural contexts, and freedoms of expression. And, mind you, we are talking here of countries in the developed world.

Singapore, for example, has adopted some of the world`s toughest regulations.

In 2019, the country passed the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (Pofma), granting authorities the power to demand the removal or correction of false online content. The law allows government ministers to issue orders to individuals, media outlets and social media platforms to take down or amend content deemed false.

Failure to comply can lead to substantial fines or imprisonment, with individuals facing up to one million Singaporean dollars for repeat offences, and companies facing even higher penalties.

Those found guilty of deliberately spreading harmful falsehoods may face up to five years in prison and additional fines.

Russia in 2019 introduced a law that criminalises the spread of false information online, particularly content that undermines government authority, incites panic, or disrupts public peace.

Under the law, individuals as well as organisations can face criminal charges for spreading fake news that threatens public order or the country`s national interests, with punishments including fines, imprisonment and the potential closure of websites.

Media outlets, social media platforms, and websites that do not adhere to the law could face substantial fines.

Companies that fail to remove fake news within 24 hours may be fined up to 1.5million roubles. Germany in 2017 passed the Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG), targeting social media platforms and holding them accountable for removing harmful or illegal content, including fake news. Companies can be fined up to €50 million for not properly addressing harmful content, including misinformation.

In France, the anti-fake news law empowers the government to remove fake news during election periods. Individuals or organisations found guilty of spreading fake news with malicious intent during an election face fines of up to €75,000 and up to one year in prison.

These examples highlight how different countries have adopted various legal measures to combat the spread of fake news. They also underscore Pakistan`s right to take similar actions in addressing the issue.

Itis crucialtorecognise thatthe primary focus of such efforts should be to promote sanity in social interactions.

Some anti-state groups exploit social media to spread false information, using unethical tactics to gain popularity. They take advantage of the system`s weaknesses to disseminate misinformation.

The key point is that those who have not done anything wrong need not fear.

Laws and regulations are in place to identify and punish wrongdoers, ensuring peace, harmony, and law and order in society.

It is only those who seek to exploit fake news to destabilise and defame Pakistan and its institutions who should be afraid of any government move in that direction.

Abdul Basit Alvi Muzaffarabad