PAKISTAN has shown an interest in the expansion of the Makl(ah Agreement. If Iran joins the agreement, it would alter the regional dynamics and could close the gap between sectarian spheres.
Consequently, this could strengthen Muslim unity. Similarly, as both the Saudi Arabia and Iran are resource-rich, closer ties with these countries could help address Pakistan’s energy crisis. Because of Iran’s geostrategic location, it may provide Islamabad with access to Central Asian Republics, which are crucial for Pal(istan’s energy resilience. Moreover, Turkiye, which is also a signatory to the agreement, possesses a modern complex militaryindustrial complex. Islamabad can collaborate with Ankara in the defence sector, which may foster economic stability in the two countries.
Despite these opportunities, there are challenges. Riyadh and Tehran have divergent politicalinterestsin the region.
However, diplomatic flexibility and stronger fraternal unity can overcome all such challenges. If implemented effectively, the Mal(l(ah Joint Defence Agreement could reshape the power dynamics of the region.
M. Saqib Riaz Havelian